When was llandudno founded

There are two main phases of mining at the site. The mine was first worked during the Bronze Age , around years ago, about the same time as Stonehenge was being built. The miners used granite stone hammers brought up from the beach, and animal bone to dig away at the copper ore. Most of the ore was malachite, a green mineral used in other parts of the world as eye make-up or paint, however blue azurite, gold chalcopyrite and even native copper may have been mined at the site.

The site was worked for a period of up to a thousand years creating a vast array of tunnels, some so small they could have only been dug out by children around 5 or 6 years old. The miners used animal fat candles to light their way in passages that extended for miles and went up to feet below the surface.

Finally mining ceased when they reached the water table, by this time iron was the new material and the demand for copper wavered. After a long hiatus, in which the mine seems almost forgotten, interest in the mine resumed and water was pumped from the site during the Industrial Revolution to reach the copper below.

Eventually the mine fell into disuse once again as Llandudno became known more as a Victorian seaside resort then a mining town. The mine was covered up by spoil at the end of the 19th century and forgotten once more. The mine had always been thought to have been Roman at its earliest date, but the bone tools and stone hammers made some locals query this assumption. The work in building the resort, and catering for its visitors, came at the right time, as in the copper mines were closed, no longer economically viable.

Llandudno is a creation of the Railway Age. Visitors from North West England could thus reach the place with ease; in communications were further improved by the branch from that line directly into the town. The subsequent history of Llandudno is the story of its development as a seaside resort.

A pier opened in , though it was soon destroyed in a huge storm. Another replaced it in , and is still to be seen today. In Marine Drive opened; nine years later the Mostyn family gifted the town a disused quarry transformed into gardens known as Happy Valley; in the Grand Hotel opened, another sign of the vision the Mostyns had of Llandudno as an elegant and refined destination.

The Llandudno and Colwyn Bay Electric Railway, a tram service through the town, followed in , though sadly it closed in ; saw the opening of a cabin lift to the summit of the mighty headland.

The town today is one of the biggest resorts in Wales, still with an elegant air. Michael Isaacs - about xvii Rev.

Bernard Landau - from until xviii Rev. Montague Levy - from until about xix Rev. Max Moddel - from about until xx Rev. Chiswell, BA - from about until about xxi Lay Officers: The data below has been extracted from Jewish Year Books , xxvi except generally, where an officer's first name is given, this has been obtained from other sources. Where the data is missing for any year, this could indicate that such office was vacant for the year in question, or more likely, the data was not provided to the publishers or they chose not to use it.

Presidents - Morris Wartski xxvii - H. Wartski - Solomon Croop - S. Benjamin - Danny Langley at least - L. Greenberg Vice Presidents. Davies Chairmen.

Manson Wardens. Manson Hon. Lazar - Joseph M. However, the note can also still be viewed in a pop-up box when the cursor is held over the note number. Extract from "A Jewish History of Llandudno" to view full text of History and copyright notice, see below. History side 1 pdf file 12MB ; and. History side 2 pdf file 11MB. Photographs of the Consecration of the Synagogue , kindly provided by Bernard Croop.

General Welsh Jewish Bibliography. Link to Register Office website. Llandudno Jewish Cemetery Information. There were no Jewish cemeteries in North Wales, the closest such cemeteries being in Liverpool and Manchester, until the establishment of the follow cemetery:.

This was established in at the Conway Borough municipal cemetery in Llanrhos to be run along Liberal Judaism lines. Llanrhos is a village just to the east and south of Llandudno. It is the only Jewish cemetery in North Wales.

See also the Reminiscences of Bernard Croop and photographs of the opening of the synagogue. Berry's obituary. He was listed as minister of the congregation in Jewish Year Books through and through There were no ministers listed prior to and there were no editions published in the war years subsequent to Schachtel's listing as minister of the congregation in the Jewish Year Book Isaacs's listing as minister of the congregation in the Jewish Year Book and Jewish Chronicle reports.